Effect of Seed Rate and Nitrogen Management on Characteristics of Spring Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. )

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To investigate the effect of seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer management on quinoa traits, a two-year factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design Was done during the spiring of 2018 and 2019 in the Kharameh region. Experimental factors included seed rate at five levels of 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 kg ha^-1 seed and nitrogen fertilizer at six levels of 120, 150, and 180 kg ha^-1 nitrogen divided into 2 (two-leaf, Budding) and 3 times (two-leaf, budding and pollination initiation), respectively. With increasing seed rate, grain yield increased from 624.41 to 2797.16 kg ha^-1, and increasing nitrogen from 120 to 180 kg ha-1 increased the grain yield in the 2 and 3-time split treatments by 19.1% and 16.1%, respectively. Regarding the interaction between seed rate and nitrogen on grain yield, the highest yield was obtained at 10 kg ha^-1 seed with 180 kg ha^-1 N divided at 3 times with an average yield of 3275 kg ha^-1, and the lowest grain yield was obtained from the interaction of 6 kg ha^-1 seed with 120 kg ha^-1 N en split at two times with average yield of 602.5 kg ha^-1. With increasing seed rate, the number of sub panicles per plant significantly increased from 14.5 to 15.6. Among nitrogen levels, the highest 1000-seed weight was obtained by treatment with 180 kg using three times (1.8 g). With increasing the times of nitrogen application times at each application-level significantly increased grain yield and other measured indices.