The Relationship Between the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Vitamin D: A Simple Review

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SARS-CoV-2, liable for the COVID-19 pandemic, is a worldwide public health issue with deadly consequences all over the world. A strong immune system is effective in reducing the spread of the virus and in the healing process. While many nutrients are essential for the immune system, vitamin D plays a huge part in strengthening immunity. It is assumed that vitamin D has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antioxidant assignments and that vitamin D may aid in infection of SARS-CoV-2. The fatal complications belonging to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are due to different mechanisms like acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storms, and the disruption of the renin-angiotensin system. Vitamin D regulates all these mechanisms by suppressing cytokines of an inflammatory sort, thereby decreasing the severity of the disorder and the risk of death. Vitamin D is suggested both for protection against as well as patr of the cure of COVID-19 since vitamin D diminishes the danger of the common cold, whilst increasing cellular immunity and modulating adaptive immunity along with giving rise to the expression of the genes that get involved in antioxidation. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence today regarding the relation between vitamin D levels, the severity of COVID-19, and mortality. Thereupon controlled trials of randomized sort and larger-scale cohort studies are needed to examine the very relationship. This review was made to examine the cause-and-effect relationship between the viral and immune response which affects the prognosis of COVID-19, and vitamin D.