%0 Journal Article
%T Protein Corona Effects Belong in the Design Loop for Nanocarried Phytochemicals Because Biological Identity Can Override the Intended Nanoparticle Surface
%A Aisha Bello
%A Zainab Sule
%A Ibrahim Musa
%A Grace Adeyemi
%A Ahmed Youssef
%J International Journal of Pharmaceutical And Phytopharmacological Research
%@ 2250-1029
%D 2026
%V 16
%N 4
%R 10.51847/B0QTxJXbmc
%P 109-118
%X Nanocarriers are commonly designed and characterized as manufactured objects, yet their biologically encountered surfaces can differ substantially from those measured before administration. Adsorption and exchange of proteins and other biomolecules generate an acquired corona that can alter receptor accessibility, cellular uptake, immune recognition, biodistribution, colloidal behavior, and cargo exposure. This problem is particularly important for nanocarried phytochemicals because the payload may itself influence interfacial chemistry, particle stability, release, and the biomolecular environment encountered along the administration route. This article develops an original mechanistic framework in which protein-corona formation is treated as a formulation variable within, rather than after, nanocarrier optimization. The framework distinguishes manufactured surface identity, acquired biological identity, dynamic corona state, functional biological consequences, and translationally validated identity. It further separates relatively persistent from rapidly exchanging corona components and treats ligand accessibility, uptake, biodistribution, immune recognition, and cargo release as context-dependent consequences rather than deterministic outputs of nominal surface engineering. Evidence from nanomedicine, gastrointestinal nanocarriers, corona-modulation studies, and dynamic corona characterization supports the underlying distinctions, while the proposed integration remains a design hypothesis requiring prospective validation. A corona-aware design loop should therefore characterize the nanoparticle before biological exposure, during relevant biofluid transformation, and after acquisition of the surface state responsible for the intended biological interaction. The framework does not imply that corona composition alone predicts therapeutic performance, nor that in-vitro corona measurements automatically reproduce in-vivo nanoparticle identity.
%U https://eijppr.com/article/protein-corona-effects-belong-in-the-design-loop-for-nanocarried-phytochemicals-because-biological-i-8nqudpua8m1hvz9