The authors studied the main methods of qualitative morphology evaluation and abnormal shapes visualization of red blood cells (RBC). We made the comparison of known sample preparation methods and selected the optimal one, which had no significant impact on the change in morphological features of cells. The purpose of the article is the formation of physiologically and morphologically abnormal RBC and its investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is established that AFM is an important tool to visualize the abnormal forms of RBC, especially with the usage of Nova PX software, which allows obtaining a more complete picture of the dimensional characteristics and parameters of RBC. In conclusion, the possibility and prospects of using AFM in studies of morphology and visualization of abnormal forms of RBC are describe