Intricate Network Between Inflammation; Immunity; Cancer- From Tumor Prevention to Tumor Initiation, Tumor Promotion and Tumor Progression

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Inflammation is a reaction to noxious stimulants. During acute inflammation release of inflammatory mediators are cytokines, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes by immune cells such as neutrophils are predominant cells, NK cells, DCs, and macrophages result in cellular repair and regeneration. If the same inflammation is aggravated chronically by immune cells such as macrophages are predominant cells followed by T cells, and B cells, releasing immune mediators such as cytokines, growth factors, and enzymes results in offensive action against epithelial cells, immune cells, vascular tissue, and resulting in pro-tumoral activities. Inflammation has a dual role in cancer it can prevent or promote cancer mainly driven by transcription factors such as NF-KB, and key transcription factors activated in the development of immune cells to tumor progression in all the stages of cancer. This article highlights the inflammatory mediators in acute and chronic inflammatory- microenvironments involved in various cellular-immunologic and vascular changes.