INTRODUCTION

COVID-19, commonly known as a novel corona virus, is related to a human respiratory disease that was declared a global pandemic and epidemic in the first quarter of 2020 by the WHO [1-4]. The source of this fatal virus was the Wuhan city of Hubei province, China in December, 2019. After the prevalence, the world was under the COVID-19 network due to an escalation to a deadly epidemic. In early January, the first fatality was seen that resulted in known human-to-human transmission with direct or close contact with a diseased person [5, 6]. As per the latest data (August 31, 2021) more than 217,030,829 people are currently contaminated by the Novel Corona Virus worldwide, and close to 45,099,322 deaths are broadcasted from all around the world [7]. The top ten countries with the greatest number of COVID-19 patients are the US, India, Brazil, Russia, UK, France, Turkey, Argentina, Columbia, and Iran. The top countries reported with maximum deaths are the US, Brazil, India, Mexico, Peru, Russia, United Kingdom, Indonesia, Italy, Columbia, France, and Argentina. In most countries, the first wave of COVID-19 has been reported from March, 2020, but only a few countries have reported the cases from December,2019 and January,2020 [7].

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Data source

Data were collected using the literature sources and WHO, related countries databases.

Study duration

The study was carried out from March, 2020 to August, 2021.

Study criteria

The research is done regarding the following criteria.

Inclusion criteria

Patients who are suffering from COVID-19

Exclusion criteria

COVID-19 Symptom-free patients.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Scenario of COVID-19 in India

Currently, India is seen by many countries as a world leader, and even the WHO recognizes that the world is moving towards India’s policies to contain the epidemic of this disease. India includes almost one-fifth of the people in the world and is the second crowded country in the world [1]. As of August 31, 2021, 32,768,880 confirmed cases of COVID-19 had been reported to WHO, with 438,560 deaths [8]. As for cases of Corona, the 1^st COVID-19 patient was reported in India on January 30, 2020.The first patient was a student returning from Wuhan. Later, only 2 more cases were reported in February. Then the first wave of halo started, and more cases occurred in March, and the number of cases has skyrocketed since the second half of April,2020 [1]. The second wave began in mid-March 2021, and the highest number of cases (144,829 cases) was identified in India, on April 9. Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Delhi, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu are the main states affected due to COVID-19 [9].

Statewise analysis

Maharashtra

Maharashtra is listed as a highly infected state in India concerning the COVID-19 infection [10]. As of August 31, 2021, there have been 64.65L verified COVID-19 cases with 137,313 deaths [11]. The 1^st verified virus case was reported in Pune on March 9, 2020, when a couple who returned from Dubai tested positive. The next day, three more people were positively tested in the city where they contacted the couple [12]. During the first wave, Maharashtra reported a major spike in corona cases and deaths in September,2020, with a number of 591,905 and12,079. The lowest corona cases (302) and deaths (449) were spotted in March and April, 2020. During the 2^nd wave, the highest number of corona cases (1,789,492) recorded deaths in April and June, 2021. The minimum number of corona cases is identified in August, 2021(161,161) and deaths (1,072) in February 2021 (Figure 1) [13].

Kerala

Kerala was the first state in India to be hit by COVID-19, with the corona virus case being verified in the Thrissur district on January 30, 2020. Because of many cases imported from other nations and states, the state rapidly had the highest number of active cases in India by early March [14]. COVID-19 has been confirmed in 4,057,231 people, with 20,788 deaths as of August 31, 2021. Kerala experienced a huge surge in corona cases in October, 2020, with a total of 236,999 and the majority of deaths (282) in December, 2020 during the first wave. The lowest corona cases (238) and deaths (1) were recorded in March and April, 2020. In the 2^nd wave, the highest number of corona cases (955,396) and deaths (4,420) were recorded in May and June, 2021. The minimum number of corona cases (65,181) and deaths (424) are diagnosed in June, 2021 (Figure 2) [15].

Andhra pradesh

The first Novel Corona Virus infection, which has caused a pandemic resulting in terrible health implications and human miseries throughout the world, was identified in Andhra Pradesh on March 12, 2020. As of August 31, 2021, there were 20.14 L confirmed COVID19 cases with 13,857 deaths [16]. During the first wave, Andhra Pradesh reported a sharp increase in corona cases in the same month with 293,838 and most of the 2,620 deaths in August 2020. The lowest corona cases (44) and deaths (0) were recorded in March 2020. The second wave recorded the highest number (591,395) in May, 2021, while the maximum deaths were recorded in the same month (2,938), the minimum number of corona cases in February 2021 (2,081), and the deaths of 16 in the same month (Figure 3) [17, 18].

Delhi

On March 2, 2020, the 1^st case of COVID-19 infection was reported in Delhi. As of August 31, 2021, there have been 14.38L verified cases of COVID-19, of which 25,082 were deaths [19]. In the first wave, Delhi reported a significant increase in halo cases in November, 2020, with 182,758 and 2,269 deaths in June.  The lowest corona cases (120) and deaths (2) were recorded in March, 2020. In the second wave, the highest number of corona cases (483,900) was registered in April, 2021, while the maximum number of deaths was recorded in May, 2021 (8,090). The minimum number of corona cases is determined in August, 2021 (1,449) and the deaths of 29 in the same month (Figure 4) [20].

Scenario of COVID-19 in the US

The first case of COVID-19 infection in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020 [21]. As of August 31, 2021, there have been 38,802,453 verified cases of COVID-19 with 633,576 deaths [22]. During the first wave, the United States reported a major spike in corona cases in December, 2020 with 6,211,222 and most deaths of 75,157 in the same month. The lowest corona cases (145,687) and deaths (2,643) were spotted in January, 2020 and February, 2020. During the second wave, the highest number of corona cases (6,283,671) was recorded in January, 2021, while the maximum number of deaths in the same month (98,293). The minimum number of corona cases is identified in June, 2021 (388,625) and the deaths of 8,416 in July, 2021(Figure 5) [22].

Scenario of COVID-19 in Brazil

On February 26, 2020, the 1^st case of COVID-19 infection was reported in Brazil. COVID-19 had been confirmed in 20,741,815 people as of August 31, 2021, with 579,308 deaths [23]. During the first wave, Brazil reported a major spike in corona cases in August, 2020 with 1,293,888 and most deaths of 32,512 in July.  The lowest corona cases (4,251) and deaths (136) were spotted in January, 2020. During the second wave, the highest number of corona cases (2,117,985) was recorded in March, 2021, while the maximum number of deaths was in April, 2021 (84,319). The minimum number of corona cases are identified in August, 2021 (902,446) and the deaths of 24,811 in the same month (Figure 6) [23].

Scenario of COVID-19 in Russia

On January 31, 2020, the primary case of covid-19 infection was reported in Russia. There have been 6,918,965 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of August 31, 2021, with 183,224 fatalities [24]. Russia had a considerable rise in corona cases in December 2020, with a total of 863,643 cases and 17,124 fatalities. The month of March 2020 has the lowest number of corona cases (2,335) and fatalities (17). The largest number of corona cases (751,274) were registered in July 2021, whereas the highest number of fatalities occurred in August 2021. (24,661). The lowest number of corona cases (240,173) are recorded in May 2021, with 11,278 fatalities recorded in April 2021 (Figure 7) [24].