An Overview of Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management Approach

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Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a result of blastocyst implantation away from the endometrium of the uterine cavity. The preferred site of EP is the fallopian tubes, however other locations can succumb to it as well. The presentation of EP patients can be quite silent or as extreme hemodynamic instability sequelae to the rupture. The etiology of the disease is extensive, whereas the risk factors can be documented and anticipated to some extent. Treatment options include medical (methotrexate), surgery, or expectant management in milder cases. Objectives: We aimed to review the literature reviewing the etiology of ectopic pregnancy, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of this disease. Methodology: PubMed database was used for article selection, gathered papers underwent a thorough review. Conclusion: Accurate early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is the key to keep the intervention as minimum as possible while maximizing the outcomes. Transvaginal ultrasonography provides the maximum sensitivity and specificity, in detecting the ectopic pregnancy, when the β-hCG surpasses the discriminatory zone. Considering the patient’s specific medical history results in a better overall management plan, treatment choice, and follow up.