A Comprehensive Review of Nipah Virus Infection: Origin, Transmission, and Pathogenesis

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This comprehensive review provides a deep exploration of Nipah virus (NiV) infection, encompassing its virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment, prognosis, and prevention strategies. NiV is an enveloped virus with crucial glycoproteins for host cell entry, and it poses an ongoing threat with unpredictable outbreaks occurring in Southeast Asia. The pathogenesis involves both respiratory and neurological manifestations, often resulting in severe outcomes, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and supportive care. While treatment options are limited, experimental therapies such as ribavirin and monoclonal antibodies show potential efficacy. The prognosis varies widely, underscoring the importance of swift medical intervention. Prevention strategies, including stringent infection control measures in healthcare settings and public health interventions, are pivotal in curtailing NiV outbreaks. The future outlook involves intensive efforts in vaccine development and antiviral research to enhance preparedness. Epidemiological studies, robust surveillance, and community education are essential components of a comprehensive approach to NiV management. This review serves as a valuable resource, emphasizing the urgent need for ongoing research and global collaboration in our continued battle against the Nipah virus. With a concise summary of key aspects, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of NiV, serving as a valuable reference for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, ultimately contributing to our collective efforts to combat this challenging zoonotic pathogen.